1. The new, independent Africa: A long way from modern civilization.

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THENEW,INDEPENDENTAFRICA:ALongWayfromModernCivilizationFriday,Aug.03,1962(extracts-RwandaandBurundipartonly)SINCE1956,morethan100millionAfricanshavewontheirindependence.IntheU.N.Assembly,theycarryconsiderableweight.Theirattitudesareconsideredpartof"worldopinion,"theirallegianceiseagerlysoughtbyEastandWest,andtheirnewnationhoodiswidelycelebratedasprogress.Yetbyanymeasurement,materialorspiritual,mostofthenewAfricastillisalong,heartbreakingdistanceawayfrommoderncivilization.InNyasalandlastweek,someoftheworld'sleadingeconomistsdiscussedAfricaneconomicandsocialproblems.Amongthegreatestobstacles,theyagreed,areabysmalshortagesofcapitalandhumanskills.ThoughmostcountriesarefriendlytotheWest,theirdeterminationtoberidofcolonialor"neocolonial"influenceincreasestheirdifficulties.Moreover,mostarenot"nations,"butuneasygroupingsofdiversepeoples,withlittleunderstandingofdemocracy—hencetheneedfeltforstrong,one-partygovernments.TIMEheresurveys24independentnewstatesandthreenear-independentterritoriesbelowtheSahara—wherestatisticshardlyexist.Nonetheless,whatdatacanbegatheredillustrateabattlefarbiggerthanthefightforindependence:abattletoestablishaminimumoforder,educationandmaterialwellbeing.CulturePoliticalMaturityProblems&Prospects19.CONGO,Leopoldville(Bel.)Pop.:17,000,000.Size:905,000sq.mi.Literacy:20%.Schoolattendance:50%.Collegegraduates:35.Christians:Nominal47%.Ininterior,populationisalmosttotallyilliterate;sorcery,ritualkillings,tribalwarfarepersist.Lessthan10%areseriousChristians;504priests,121nongraduatedoctorsserveoneofAfrica'sbiggestpopulations.Politicalparties:9.Voters:40%.BlackAfrica'smostheadlinedcountryhasalmosttotalignoranceofWestern-stylegovernment.OnlyminuteproportionofpeopleevenawareCongoisnation.Politicalpartiesareinexperiencedandonstrictlytriballines.Westward-leaningCyrilleAdoulaisablestPremieryet,butstillinsecureinnearlybankruptcountry.Exports:Normallycobalt,copper,diamonds,palmoil,bananas.Percapitaincome:$90.U.S.aid(1961):$13.1million.U.N.forcedefeatedCommunisteffortstoinfiltrateCongo,buthasfailedtoendcopper-richKatanga'ssecessionaftertwoyears.Evenifonce-prosperouscountryisreunited,itwilltakeyearstocreateanation.20.RWANDA21.BURUNDI(Bel.)Pop.:3,000,000.Pop.:2,500,000.Size:11,000sq.mi.Size:10,000sq.mi.Literacy:25%.Schoolattendance:30%.Collegegraduates:60plus(excludingpriests).Christians:over50%.Fewerthan2%attendsecondaryschools.Savagecustomsprevalent;nativesveneratecattle.Politicalparties:Rwanda,4;Burundi,3.Voters:Rwanda,75%;Burundi,52%.BelgiansrestrainedpoliticalawarenessbeforegrantingindependencelastJuly,whenterritorysplitintotwostates.Rwanda'smainpoliticalissueisbitterconflictbetweengiantWatusiandBahutumajority,whoweretheirserfs.TribalismnotacuteinBurundi,butpeopleunreadyforself-rule.Exports:Coffee.Percapitaincome:$35-50.U.S.aid:$7,500,000.Bothcountriesareheavilyoverpopulated,heavilydependentonforeignaid.RwandalookstoneighboringUgandafortradeoutlet.Rwandaisrepublicwithmoderateausterityregime.BurundiismonarchywithmoderateregimeundermerryMwami(King)MwambutsaIV.

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</mwdata><mwxhtml><wx:metadata><title/><generator type="gdmmeta">gsmcreator</generator><indexed>yes</indexed><incalendar/><abstract> In this article published on 3 August 1962, the main points of discussion are the independence of some African countries, as well as the economic and social problems.  </abstract><lang>eng</lang><thumbnail src=""/><authors/><publicationdate year="--" month="--" day="--"/><categories><category>Magazines</category></categories><entity/><includeforum value=""/><protected/></wx:metadata><ga:gdm><ga:metadata><identifier/><title>1. The new, independent Africa: A long way from modern civilization.</title><typeofmedia>Magazine</typeofmedia><date>1962-08-03</date><description> In this article published on 3 August 1962, the center of the discussion was the independence of some African countries and their economic and social problems.</description><topic>Post-Colonial Governance</topic><creator>The Magazine</creator><language code="eng"/><owner>Paul Rukesha</owner><location>Genocide Archive of Rwanda</location><antprofile>
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      <ga:tpm t="266.75" b="276.77" l="470.56" r="528.36">governments</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="289.74" b="299.76" l="158.67" r="169.83">24</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="312.78" b="322.8" l="472.71" r="489.32">and</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="324.25" b="334.27" l="113.73" r="116.52">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="347.29" b="357.31" l="71.98" r="104.24">Culture</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="347.29" b="357.31" l="107.01" r="141.53">Political</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="347.29" b="357.31" l="144.27" r="179.82">Maturity</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="347.29" b="357.31" l="227.60" r="234.28">&</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="347.29" b="357.31" l="237.02" r="281.45">Prospects</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="370.28" b="380.3" l="71.98" r="83.13">19</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="370.28" b="380.3" l="83.14" r="85.93">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="370.28" b="380.3" l="88.65" r="126.50">CONGO</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="370.28" b="380.3" l="240.28" r="251.43">17</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="370.28" b="380.3" l="320.91" r="337.64">905</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="370.28" b="380.3" l="391.99" r="427.12">Literacy</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="121.54" r="124.32">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="127.05" r="138.14">50</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="138.15" r="149.82">%.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="152.54" r="186.55">College</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="233.77" r="236.56">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="239.28" r="250.44">35</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="255.90" r="300.45">Christians</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="300.48" r="303.26">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="305.93" r="342.65">Nominal</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="345.41" r="356.56">47</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="412.64" r="415.43">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="418.15" r="464.33">population</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="467.10" r="474.33">is</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="477.12" r="506.61">almost</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="381.8" b="391.82" l="509.33" r="535.46">totally</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="71.98" r="106.47">illiterate</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="106.48" r="109.26">;</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="144.82" r="147.60">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="150.33" r="172.05">ritual</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="204.86" r="207.64">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="210.37" r="232.08">tribal</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="234.76" r="268.16">warfare</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="270.93" r="300.42">persist</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="300.39" r="303.17">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="305.84" r="326.99">Less</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="329.77" r="349.26">than</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="352.03" r="363.12">10</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="363.07" r="371.98">%</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="374.70" r="389.21">are</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="426.95" r="471.44">Christians</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="471.47" r="474.25">;</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="476.98" r="493.71">504</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="496.48" r="525.96">priests</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="393.26" b="403.28" l="525.99" r="528.77">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="404.79" b="414.81" l="71.98" r="88.71">121</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="404.79" b="414.81" l="91.48" r="147.63">nongraduate</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="404.79" b="414.81" l="232.70" r="241.07">of</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="404.79" b="414.81" l="243.79" r="276.28">Africa's</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="404.79" b="414.81" l="279.06" r="311.32">biggest</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="404.79" b="414.81" l="314.04" r="365.21">populations</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="404.79" b="414.81" l="365.24" r="368.02">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="71.98" r="106.48">Political</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="109.22" r="139.25">parties</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="139.28" r="142.07">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="144.80" r="150.37">9</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="150.38" r="153.16">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="155.89" r="184.84">Voters</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="184.87" r="187.65">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="190.32" r="201.47">40</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="201.48" r="213.14">%.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="215.87" r="240.39">Black</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="243.11" r="275.60">Africa's</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="278.38" r="300.07">most</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="302.79" r="346.23">headlined</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="348.99" r="381.78">country</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="384.50" r="400.68">has</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="403.46" r="432.89">almost</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="435.62" r="454.51">total</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="457.26" r="501.24">ignorance</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="427.77" b="437.79" l="504.00" r="512.37">of</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="71.98" r="112.58">Western-</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="115.36" r="135.87">style</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="138.63" r="191.52">government</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="191.43" r="194.21">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="196.94" r="217.54">Only</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="220.27" r="250.32">minute</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="253.08" r="298.19">proportion</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="311.99" r="342.10">people</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="344.86" r="366.52">even</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="369.28" r="396.58">aware</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="399.34" r="428.80">Congo</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="468.83" r="471.62">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="439.29" b="449.31" l="474.34" r="508.85">Political</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="71.98" r="102.01">parties</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="104.80" r="119.24">are</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="122.01" r="184.29">inexperienced</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="187.00" r="203.73">and</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="206.50" r="217.65">on</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="220.36" r="248.70">strictly</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="251.43" r="273.14">tribal</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="275.89" r="296.50">lines</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="296.53" r="299.31">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="302.04" r="382.17">Westward-leaning</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="384.93" r="412.70">Cyrille</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="415.47" r="446.67">Adoula</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="449.43" r="456.60">is</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="459.38" r="486.06">ablest</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="450.76" b="460.78" l="488.78" r="523.85">Premier</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="71.97" r="85.32">yet</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="85.29" r="88.07">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="90.80" r="104.75">but</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="124.68" r="162.58">insecure</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="165.35" r="173.14">in</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="175.91" r="203.17">nearly</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="205.90" r="244.87">bankrupt</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="247.59" r="280.44">country</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="462.28" b="472.3" l="280.41" r="283.19">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="71.97" r="105.90">Exports</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="105.93" r="108.71">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="111.44" r="150.88">Normally</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="153.60" r="180.40">cobalt</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="180.37" r="183.15">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="185.88" r="216.52">copper</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="216.54" r="219.32">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="222.05" r="265.34">diamonds</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="265.37" r="268.15">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="270.88" r="292.60">palm</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="295.35" r="305.31">oil</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="305.31" r="308.09">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="310.82" r="349.25">bananas</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="349.28" r="352.07">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="354.79" r="370.38">Per</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="373.15" r="399.83">capita</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="402.60" r="434.81">income</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="434.82" r="437.61">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="440.34" r="445.91">$</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="445.92" r="457.07">90</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="457.08" r="459.86">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="462.59" r="469.82">U</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="484.77" r="498.14">aid</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="500.91" r="504.24">(</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="504.26" r="526.52">1961</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="485.27" b="495.29" l="526.53" r="532.67">):</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="71.97" r="77.54">$</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="77.55" r="88.70">13</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="91.47" r="97.04">1</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="99.81" r="128.17">million</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="128.18" r="130.97">.</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="156.41" r="178.65">force</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="223.11" r="273.71">Communist</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="276.44" r="304.17">efforts</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="306.90" r="315.23">to</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="317.99" r="353.01">infiltrate</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="355.78" r="385.35">Congo</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="385.36" r="388.14">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="390.87" r="404.81">but</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="407.54" r="423.65">has</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="426.38" r="450.31">failed</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="453.07" r="461.40">to</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="464.16" r="480.90">end</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="496.79" b="506.81" l="483.66" r="533.90">copper-rich</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="71.97" r="116.17">Katanga's</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="118.95" r="163.41">secession</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="166.18" r="186.19">after</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="188.90" r="204.49">two</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="207.26" r="231.71">years</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="231.74" r="234.52">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="237.25" r="260.05">Even</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="270.55" r="345.66">once-prosperous</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="348.44" r="381.23">country</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="435.60" r="440.60">it</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="443.32" r="457.24">will</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="459.99" r="478.94">take</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="481.71" r="506.22">years</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="508.31" b="518.33" l="509.00" r="517.33">to</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="519.78" b="529.8" l="71.97" r="99.80">create</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="519.78" b="529.8" l="102.56" r="108.13">a</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="519.78" b="529.8" l="110.90" r="138.12">nation</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="519.78" b="529.8" l="138.13" r="140.92">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="71.97" r="83.12">20</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="83.13" r="85.92">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="88.64" r="133.17">RWANDA</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="135.85" r="147.00">21</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="147.01" r="149.80">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="152.52" r="198.14">BURUNDI</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="200.87" r="204.20">(</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="206.98" r="221.45">Bel</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="221.45" r="227.54">.)</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="230.32" r="248.13">Pop</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="248.08" r="253.62">.:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="256.35" r="261.92">3</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="261.93" r="264.71">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="264.68" r="281.42">000</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="281.43" r="284.21">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="284.18" r="300.92">000</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="306.44" r="324.25">Pop</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="324.26" r="329.80">.:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="332.53" r="338.10">2</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="338.11" r="340.90">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="340.87" r="357.60">500</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="357.61" r="360.40">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="360.37" r="377.04">000</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="377.05" r="379.83">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="382.56" r="402.06">Size</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="402.07" r="404.85">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="407.58" r="418.73">11</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="418.74" r="421.53">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="421.50" r="438.17">000</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="440.94" r="451.55">sq</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="451.56" r="454.34">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="457.07" r="467.63">mi</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="467.63" r="470.42">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="473.14" r="492.58">Size</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="492.59" r="495.38">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="498.10" r="509.25">10</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="509.26" r="512.05">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="542.82" b="552.84" l="512.02" r="528.75">000</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="71.97" r="82.58">sq</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="82.59" r="85.38">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="88.10" r="98.66">mi</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="98.65" r="101.44">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="104.16" r="139.22">Literacy</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="139.19" r="141.98">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="144.71" r="155.86">25</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="155.87" r="167.53">%.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="170.26" r="200.93">School</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="203.68" r="253.17">attendance</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="253.18" r="255.97">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="258.69" r="269.84">30</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="269.85" r="281.52">%.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="284.24" r="318.20">College</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="320.97" r="365.46">graduates</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="365.49" r="368.27">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="370.94" r="382.09">60</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="384.85" r="403.24">plus</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="406.03" r="409.36">(</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="409.32" r="451.62">excluding</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="454.38" r="483.81">priests</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="554.28" b="564.3" l="483.78" r="489.86">).</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="71.97" r="116.46">Christians</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="116.49" r="119.27">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="122.00" r="141.48">over</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="144.25" r="155.41">50</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="155.42" r="167.08">%.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="169.81" r="197.62">Fewer</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="200.40" r="219.89">than</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="222.65" r="228.22">2</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="228.23" r="237.14">%</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="239.87" r="267.63">attend</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="270.40" r="316.57">secondary</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="319.29" r="353.23">schools</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="353.26" r="356.05">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="358.77" r="392.73">Savage</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="395.50" r="432.72">customs</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="435.51" r="476.69">prevalent</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="476.66" r="479.44">;</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="565.81" b="575.83" l="482.11" r="513.81">natives</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="577.33" b="587.35" l="71.97" r="110.96">venerate</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="577.33" b="587.35" l="113.66" r="137.58">cattle</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="577.33" b="587.35" l="137.59" r="140.38">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="71.97" r="106.47">Political</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="109.21" r="139.24">parties</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="139.27" r="142.06">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="144.79" r="181.50">Rwanda</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="181.51" r="184.29">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="187.02" r="192.59">4</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="192.60" r="195.39">;</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="198.11" r="232.68">Burundi</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="232.68" r="235.47">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="238.19" r="243.76">3</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="243.77" r="246.56">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="249.22" r="278.17">Voters</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="278.20" r="280.99">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="283.71" r="320.43">Rwanda</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="320.44" r="323.22">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="325.95" r="337.10">75</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="337.11" r="348.77">%;</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="351.50" r="386.07">Burundi</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="391.57" r="402.72">52</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="402.73" r="414.39">%.</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="600.32" b="610.34" l="505.49" r="538.85">political</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="71.97" r="120.36">awareness</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="123.14" r="151.51">before</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="154.27" r="190.38">granting</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="193.14" r="256.03">independence</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="258.79" r="274.35">last</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="277.08" r="294.93">July</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="294.90" r="297.69">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="300.42" r="324.34">when</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="327.11" r="361.02">territory</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="363.74" r="381.59">split</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="384.31" r="400.44">into</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="403.20" r="418.79">two</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="421.56" r="448.28">states</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="448.31" r="451.10">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="453.82" r="497.42">Rwanda's</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="611.84" b="621.86" l="500.20" r="521.86">main</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="71.97" r="105.39">political</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="108.14" r="131.48">issue</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="134.18" r="141.41">is</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="144.19" r="166.43">bitter</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="169.20" r="200.37">conflict</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="203.09" r="240.94">between</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="243.70" r="265.40">giant</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="268.12" r="298.72">Watusi</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="301.48" r="318.15">and</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="320.92" r="352.65">Bahutu</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="355.42" r="390.42">majority</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="390.39" r="393.17">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="395.90" r="414.31">who</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="417.08" r="438.78">were</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="441.55" r="461.02">their</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="463.73" r="485.42">serfs</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="485.45" r="488.23">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="623.3" b="633.32" l="490.96" r="531.59">Tribalism</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="88.64" r="113.17">acute</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="115.94" r="123.72">in</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="126.49" r="160.94">Burundi</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="160.93" r="163.71">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="166.44" r="180.39">but</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="183.11" r="213.16">people</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="215.93" r="252.08">unready</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="254.80" r="266.48">for</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="269.25" r="304.93">self-rule</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="634.82" b="644.84" l="304.94" r="307.73">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="71.96" r="105.89">Exports</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="105.92" r="108.70">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="111.43" r="140.87">Coffee</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="140.88" r="143.66">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="146.39" r="161.97">Per</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="164.75" r="191.43">capita</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="194.19" r="226.47">income</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="226.48" r="229.26">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="231.99" r="237.56">$</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="237.57" r="263.23">35-50</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="263.24" r="266.03">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="268.75" r="275.99">U</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="276.01" r="278.79">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="278.76" r="285.45">S</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="285.43" r="288.21">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="290.94" r="304.30">aid</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="304.25" r="307.04">:</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="309.76" r="315.34">$</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="315.35" r="320.92">7</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="320.93" r="323.71">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="323.68" r="340.42">500</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="340.43" r="343.21">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="343.18" r="359.91">000</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="359.92" r="362.71">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="365.38" r="385.95">Both</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="388.71" r="429.30">countries</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="432.09" r="446.60">are</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="657.81" b="667.83" l="449.36" r="480.48">heavily</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="71.96" r="135.38">overpopulated</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="135.39" r="138.17">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="140.90" r="172.07">heavily</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="174.80" r="222.17">dependent</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="224.90" r="236.05">on</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="238.81" r="269.39">foreign</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="272.16" r="285.48">aid</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="285.49" r="288.27">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="291.00" r="327.76">Rwanda</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="330.53" r="353.84">looks</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="356.63" r="364.95">to</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="367.66" r="419.98">neighboring</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="422.75" r="457.84">Uganda</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="460.61" r="472.28">for</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="475.05" r="497.84">trade</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="500.61" r="525.11">outlet</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="669.33" b="679.35" l="525.08" r="527.87">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="71.96" r="108.67">Rwanda</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="111.44" r="118.66">is</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="121.45" r="156.46">republic</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="159.24" r="177.05">with</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="179.82" r="222.04">moderate</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="224.81" r="262.56">austerity</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="265.29" r="295.94">regime</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="295.95" r="298.73">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="301.46" r="336.03">Burundi</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="338.77" r="346.00">is</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="348.78" r="392.67">monarchy</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="395.40" r="413.20">with</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="415.97" r="458.19">moderate</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="460.96" r="491.49">regime</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="680.8" b="690.82" l="494.25" r="519.85">under</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="692.32" b="702.34" l="71.96" r="97.60">merry</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="692.32" b="702.34" l="100.33" r="132.01">Mwami</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="692.32" b="702.34" l="134.70" r="138.03">(</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="692.32" b="702.34" l="138.05" r="158.08">King</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="692.32" b="702.34" l="158.09" r="161.43">)</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="692.32" b="702.34" l="164.20" r="218.12">Mwambutsa</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="692.32" b="702.34" l="220.89" r="230.33">IV</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="692.32" b="702.34" l="230.31" r="233.09">.</ga:tpm>
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  </ga:pages><document filename="/var/wwwimages/4/46/1962-08-03TimeMagazineTHENEWINDEPENDENTAFRICAALongWayfromModernCivilization.pdf" pageCount="1" filesize="15885" linearized="true" pdfVersion="1.6" tagged="true"/></ga:gdm></mwxhtml></skin>

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Title: 1. The new, independent Africa: A long way from modern civilization.
Description: In this article published on 3 August 1962, the center of the discussion was the independence of some African countries and their economic and social problems.
Date of publication: 1962-08-03
Author: The Magazine
Type of media: Magazine
Language: eng
Repository: Genocide Archive of Rwanda

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